To break the monopoly of coffee trade from Arab world, Dutch East India Company acquired some coffee plants and seeds from the port of Mocha in Yemen. These plants were brought back to the Netherlands and eventually transported to the East Indies.
Dutch East India Company established Batavia (now Jakarta) as a strategic trading post and administrative center in the region, and the first coffee plants (coffee trees) were planted in Batavia around 1696. Initially, the Dutch experimented with coffee cultivation on a small scale, testing the viability of coffee in the East Indies' climate and soil conditions.
As coffee cultivation proved successful, the Dutch expanded their efforts to other regions within the East Indies, including Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Timor. These regions had favorable conditions for coffee growth, including volcanic soil and a suitable climate, so the coffee production had grown from 450kg in 1711 to 60,000kg in 1721, and the monopoly of coffee trade with Arab world were broken. The coffee produced in the East Indies, particularly Java coffee, played a significant role in the global coffee trade. It became an important supplier to Europe.
The Dutch colonial presence in the East Indies played a pivotal role in introducing coffee to the region. Over time, coffee cultivation expanded, and the East Indies became an important coffee-producing area with its own unique coffee profiles and flavors, and this is the way of coffee beans moving to Indonesia, South East Asia.